International Journal of Research on Finance & Business
International Journal of Research on Finance & Business (IJRFB) is an academic as well as peer-reviewed journal published two times a year by Sembilan Media Publisher with ISSN number 3046-4609 (Online) and 3032-7806 (Print). IJRFB is projected to be accredited by national and international index as soon as possible. IJRFB encompasses all aspects of finance and business topics including Finance, Business, Economics Studies, Management, Accounting, Entrepreneurship, Social Science, etc. The objective of IJRFB is to depict the comprehensive understanding of Finance & Business studies to the next level of knowledge. IJRFB aspire researchers to produce empirical and theoretical research articles, aspiring contemplative academic and professional development.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION: IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING IN SME’S
This study will explore the impact of job training on organizational commitment and turnover intention in employees, especially in the context of MSMEs in Indonesia. The focus of the research is on millennials who tend to move between jobs. The purpose of this study is to describe, identify the influence, and evaluate the relationship between job training, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This study used a correlational approach with a population of millennial employees in Malang City, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Likert Scale and path analysis. The results showed that there was a significant influence between Employee Training with Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research on Finance & Business
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE, COMPANY GROWTH, PROFITABILITY AND LEVERAGE ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE
This research aims to empirically test the influence of company size, company growth, profitability and leverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in pharmaceutical and manufacturing companies in the chemical sub-sector. The population in this research are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). in 2018-2022. The total population of this study was 23 companies. Sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method and 12 companies were obtained that met the criteria. Hypothesis testing research was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The research results show that partially company size has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, company growth has a positive but not significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, profitability has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, leverage positive but not significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure
IMPLEMENTATION OF PT. SMELTING'S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAM WITH THE CONCEPT OF TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
This research aims to examine the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of PT Smelting with the Triple Bottom Line concept. The object of this research is PT Smelting has received awards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and green PROPER from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Determination of informants was carried out using a purposive technique. Meanwhile, the data collection process was carried out by interviews. The analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Overall, the results of this research show that PT Smelting's current CSR programs are all based on the Triple Bottom Line concept, namely paying attention to Profit, Planet (Environment), and People (Society). PT Smelting CSR policies, programs and targets have been carried out well through the recommendation of a competent third party although the CSR program has not been implemented optimally due to the emergence of various problems such as a lack of personnel in the CSR division itself and a lack of understanding of the meaning of CSR itself, either from the community or local government. PT Smelting has solved the problems well, such as coordinating and socializing the CSR program with the local community and developing an organizational structure and adding CSR implementing personnel to maximize performance.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, AND COMPANY SIZE ON AUDIT REPORT LAG
The objective of this research is to identify whether profitability, leverage, and firm size influence audit report lag. The data of this quantitative study was harvested from documents obtained from consumer goods manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. The results of the analysis indicate that profitability and leverage negatively affect audit quality and that firm size does not influence the audit report lag. Keywords: audit report lag, profitability, leverage, company size.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, SOLVENCY, LIQUIDITY, AND COMPANY SIZE ON STOCK RETURNS OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This research aims to determine the effect of profitability, solvency, liquidity and firm size on stock returns of energy sector companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses quantitative methods involving secondary data from the financial reports of the energy company sector which is analyzed through sample panel data regression with research on 44 energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020 - 2022. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis and using EViews 12 software. This research finds that profitability and liquidity have a positive effect on stock returns. Companies need to maximize their financial performance through publishing information on the company's profitability and liquidity ratios to attract investor interest. However, solvency and firm size had no effect on stock returns because information of solvency and firm size are not a factor for investors to buy company's stock.
THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONALISM AND INDEPENDENCE ON AUDIT QUALITY MODERATED BY COMPETENCE
In carrying out their duties, auditors are required to produce good audit quality. Good audit quality can be seen in the factors that influence it. This research was created with the aim of finding out whether professionalism and independence influence audit quality and whether competence moderates professionalism and independence on audit quality. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection methods in the form of questionnaires. The population in this research is a Public Accounting Firm in South Jakarta with a sample size of 75 auditors. The results of this research state that professionalism influences audit quality while independence has no influence and competence can moderate professionalism and independence.
THE INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENCE, TIME BUDGET PRESSURE, AUDITOR WORK EXPERIENCE, AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON AUDIT QUALITY
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of independence, time budget pressure, auditor work experience, and task complexity on audit quality. The population in this study are auditors working in the Big 10 KAPs in Indonesia. Sample selection was determined using the convenience sampling technique with a minimum sample size of 190 samples. The data used in this research is primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires using the Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) 4 application to analyze the data. The results of this study show that the higher the independence, work experience of the auditor, and the complexity of the tasks will improve the quality of the audits produced. However, the higher the time budget pressure, the lower the quality of the audits produced.
Independence, Time Budget Pressure, Auditor Work Experience, Task Complexity, Audit Quality, Agency Theory, Attribution Theory.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, GREEN ACCOUNTING, ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2019-2022 PERIOD)
This study aims to examine the effect of environmental costs, green accounting, environmental responsibility disclosure, and capital structure on the financial performance measured by the proxy of Return on Equity (ROE). The samples include 68 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2022 selected through purposive sampling technique and analyzed by descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results exhibit that environmental costs and green accounting have a negative but insignificant effect on financial performance which may be caused by other factors. In contrast, environmental responsibility disclosure has a positive significant effect, and capital structure is found to have a negative significant effect on financial performance. This study does not fully support legitimacy and stakeholder theories for several reasons. Companies need to increase attention to environmental issues through proper implementation of green accounting and maintain the proportion of their capital structure to gain positive sentiment from the public.
Legitimacy, Environment, Stakeholders, Capital Structure, and ROE.
COMPARISON OF MODEL ACCURACY LEVELS BETWEEN ALTMAN Z SCORE AND ZMIJEWSKI IN PREDICTING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN COMPANIES WITH SPECIAL NOTATION IN INDONESIA
The phenomenon of financial distress in public companies is an important concern for investors and stakeholders. The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) applies a special notation as an indicator for companies experiencing financial problems. To predict financial distress, there are several commonly used models, including Altman Z-Score and Zmijewski X-Score. This study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in the value of the prediction results of the Altman and Zmijewski models and to determine which Altman or Zmijewski model is more accurate in predicting financial distress in companies with special notations in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with a comparative method. The research sample consists of 48 companies with a total of 144 observations. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistical test, Mann-Whitney difference test, and prediction model accuracy test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the predicted values of the two models. The research results show that the Altman model has a higher accuracy rate of 73.61% than the Zmijewski model which only has an accuracy of 68.75%. This finding supports the signaling theory that financial performance can continue to get worse and worse and can indicate that the company gets a special notation, thus influencing investor decisions and can lead to bankruptcy. Thus, the Altman model is more recommended for investors in evaluating the risk of corporate financial distress.
Altman Z-Score, Financial Distress, Model Accuracy, Notation, Zmijewski X-Score.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BPK AUDIT RESULTS ON GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Transfer revenues dominate the revenue budget in 38 regencies / cities in East Java Province . In 2021, the degree of fiscal autonomy of regencies / cities in East Java on average only reached 19.21%, indicating low local government independence . This study aims to analyze the effect of local government financial characteristics and BPK audit results on the financial performance of Regency/City local governments in East Java using quantitative descriptive methods . Local government financial characteristics utilize the proxies of the size of the local government , the regional prosperity , and the regional dependence ; and the results of the BPK audit utilizes the proxies of audit opinion and audit findings . This study applies agency theory and stewardship theory . The population includes 38 local governments in East Java in 2019-2021, from which the samples of 114 regencies / cities in East Java are selected through purposive sampling, and analyzed by the ordinal logistic regression processed by SPSS software . The results of this study exhibit that the regional prosperity , regional dependence , and audit findings affect financial performance while local government size and audit opinion​ do not affect the financial performance of regency / city governments in East Java.
Local Government Financial Performance; Audit Opinion ; Regional Prosperity ; Regional Dependencies ; Audit Findings ; Local Government Size .
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC AUDIT (E-AUDIT), AUDITOR COMPETENCY, AND EXPERIENCE ON AUDIT QUALITY AT THE BPK RI REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
This quantitative study aims to analyze the influence of Electronic Audit (e-Audit), auditor competence , and auditor experience on audit quality at the Representative Office of BPK RI in North Sumatra. The population of this study comprises all examiners at the Representative Office of BPK RI in North Sumatra. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 182 selected respondents . The results of the multiple linear regression show that e-Audit, auditor competence , and auditor experience partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on audit quality . Among the three variables , auditor experience exerts the greatest influence on audit quality , followed by auditor competence . Meanwhile , e-Audit has the smallest influence , suggesting that although e-Audit technology supports the audit process , audit quality still depends primarily on the auditor's competence and experience as the key factors in achieving a quality audit.
audit quality , e-Audit, competence , experience , SiAP -LK, BIDICS.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM IN IMPROVING GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE ASSOCIATION OF STATE-OWNED BANKS (HIMBARA)
This research aims to determine the implementation of the whistleblowing system (WBS) as a preventive and detection tool of fraud in the Association of State- Owned Banks (HIMBARA) for the improvement of good corporate governance (GCG). This research applies a qualitative approach with content analysis involving secondary data of the Company Annual Report . The results of the research exhibit that the implementation of the whistleblowing system in HIMBARA has been effective fulfilled the components of anonymity , independence , accessibility , and follow-up . However , the whistleblowing system of HIMBARA is unable to prevent most fraud prevalence despite its being effective in increasing an open culture as seen from the increasing number of whistleblowing system reports . The principle of good corporate governance is properly implemented in the whistleblowing system of HIMBARA. Optimization of an effective whistleblowing system based on good corporate governance is expected to contribute to the development of whistleblowing system policies for better corporate governance in the Indonesian banking sector .
whistleblowing system , good corporate governance , fraud , HIMBARA, banking .
THE INFLUENCE OF CEO TENURE, FINANCIAL DISTRESS, AND SALES GROWTH ON TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDY OF NON-CYCLICAL CONSUMER SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2020-2022)
Tax avoidance, a major issue in Indonesia to date, is responsible for the lower tax ratio compared to other ASEAN countries and the country's losses. As such, this research aims to provide the empirical evidence of the effect of CEO tenure, financial distress, and sales growth on tax avoidance. The population includes consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2020 - 2022, from which 102 samples of 34 companies were selected through purposive sampling, and analyzed by panel data utilizing a fixed effect model processed by E-views 12. The results of this research exhibit that financial distress has a positive effect on tax avoidance, and CEO tenure and sales growth have no effect on tax avoidance.
THE IMPACT OF SOFTWARE INVESTMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY
This research aims to examine the influence of software investment as a proxy for Big Data technology on financial performance and competitive advantage in the food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2022. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling, with 92 samples meeting the criteria. The method used in this study was descriptive quantitative, with data analysis techniques including simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and path analysis. The results showed that Big Data technology had no effect on financial performance but had a positive effect on competitive advantage. Competitive advantage positively influenced financial performance. Competitive advantage acted as an intervening variable in the relationship between Big Data technology and financial performance. The findings indicate the need for a comprehensive business strategy to integrate Big Data technology in order to create sustainable competitive advantage and improve the company's long-term financial performance.
THE IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON THE THIRD PHASE OF TAX REFORM REGARDING IT AND DATABASES AT PALOPO PRIMARY TAX OFFICE
This research was conducted with the aim of determining whether the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has a positive impact on the third volume of tax reform concerning IT and database management at the Palopo Primary Tax Office. The research method used is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires. These questionnaires were then distributed to 52 respondents who are employees of the Palopo Primary Tax Office, each respondent representing an individual. The results of this study indicate that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has a significant positive impact on the third volume of tax reform concerning IT and database management.
THE EFFECT OF DISCLOSURE OF ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS IN THE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ON COMPANY'S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MODERATED BY COMPANY SIZE
This study examines the impact of Sustainability Report disclosure on corporate financial performance, with firm size as a moderating variable, using data from consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The Sustainability Report is measured using the Sustainability Reporting Disclosure Index (SRDI), encompassing three main dimensions: economic (EKO), environmental (ENV), and social (SOS). Financial performance is represented by the Return on Assets (ROA) indicator. From a population of 128 companies, 14 were selected as samples through purposive sampling, resulting in 42 observations over the 2021-2023 period. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS version 25 software. The findings reveal that the economic dimension disclosure has a significant negative effect on financial performance, while the environmental dimension shows a significant positive effect. Conversely, the social dimension has a negative but insignificant impact. Furthermore, firm size weakens the relationship between the environmental dimension and financial performance but does not moderate the effects of the economic and social dimensions. This study highlights the importance of measurable and balanced Sustainability Report disclosures in creating added value for companies and provides strategic insights for management in formulating sustainability policies to enhance financial performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF SERIOUSNESS OF VIOLATIONS, RELIGIOSITY, LEADERSHIP STYLE, AND RETALIATION ON INTERNAL WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTIONS AT THE BPKP OF CENTRAL SULAWESI
This study aims to examine the relationship between variables such as the seriousness of the offense, religiosity, leadership style, and retaliation affecting the intention of employees of the Central Sulawesi Province BPKP Representative in whistle-blowing. Whistleblowing is an important mechanism in detecting and preventing fraud in organizations, especially in the public sector. A total of 72 employees of the BPKP Representative of Central Sulawesi Province, including auditors and administrative staff (enablers), were given an online questionnaire and designated as respondents. Multiple linear regression was used as a method of testing the relationship between variables in this quantitative research. The results of the analysis show that the seriousness of the offense positively influences the intention of internal whistleblowing as the dependent variable. Meanwhile, religiosity, leadership style, and retaliation do not have a significant effect on the dependent variable. This study contributes to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by highlighting how certain variables affect internal whistleblowing intentions. The results expand the understanding of the application of TPB in the context of the public sector, especially in government organizations.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Directorate General of Taxes' Core Tax Administration System (PSIAP) to improve tax administration efficiency and identify tax evasion, employing a qualitative research approach. The study investigates the role of AI in PSIAP and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for enhancing tax collection and detecting risks. The results show that AI can significantly improve the effectiveness of tax administration, increase the tax ratio, and strengthen data-driven decision-making, although challenges remain in terms of taxpayer understanding, internal human resource limitations, and infrastructure costs. The novelty of this research lies in introducing the integration of AI into Indonesia's tax administration system, particularly through AI-driven analytics in CRM for detecting tax evasion. The findings contribute by providing solutions to national tax issues through improving compliance and increasing revenue with AI-enabled administrative enhancements.
INDIVIDUAL INTEREST IN MOBILE BANKING USE: A MODIFIED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPROACH
This study aims to determine the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, risk, and attitude on individual interest in using mobile banking. This study is an extension of previous research that used a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. The type of research used is explanatory research. The data collection method used was a survey method by distributing 400 questionnaires. The respondents in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, who used mobile banking facilities. A total of 365 questionnaires were returned, which were then processed using IBM SPSS ver. 24 through multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and risk influence individuals' attitudes toward using mobile banking. Attitude influences individuals' interest in using mobile banking.
Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust, Risk, Attitude, Interest, Mobile Banking, Technology Acceptance Model.
THE INFLUENCE OF ESG DISCLOSURE ON TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDY ON ESG LEADERS INDEX COMPANIES LISTED ON IDX IN 2019-2023)
Maximizing profit is the primary goal of companies, which can lead to tax avoidance. However, ESG can be a solution to this issue because it supports transparency and ethical behavior. This study aims to determine the influence of ESG and each of its elements on tax avoidance, with leverage and RoA as control variables. The population of this study was companies in the ESG Leaders index listed on the IDX from 2019 to 2023. The data analyzed was obtained from financial statements, annual reports, and company sustainability reports with the number of samples collected as many as 70 samples that have been determined based on purposive sampling. In corporate culture theory, it is explained that companies will minimize activities that are not in accordance with the company's culture such as tax avoidance which in this case is considered an unethical action. Multiple linear regression was the method used to analyze the effects in this study. According to the data that has been analyzed using SPSS 27, it was found that the higher the ESG disclosure, the lower the tax avoidance level. This is also implemented for social disclosure and governance disclosure. Meanwhile, the higher the environmental disclosure, the higher the tax avoidance level.
ESG, Tax Avoidance, Corporate culture theory.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF RETURN ON ASSETS, RETURN ON EQUITY, AND NET PROFIT MARGIN ON EARNINGS PER SHARE IN COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2022
This study aims to determine the effect of profitability ratios, namely Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Net Profit Margin, on Earnings per Share. The method used in this study was designed quantitatively using cross-sectional data based on the 2022 Statistical Report issued by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Sampling was conducted using the purposive sampling method, with the criteria being that companies had conducted an IPO and were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and that companies had EPS, ROA, ROE, and NPM values > 0. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis, which also included classical assumption analysis. The results of the study indicate that Return on Assets and Return on Equity have a positive and significant effect on Earnings per Share. Meanwhile, Net Profit Margin has a positive but insignificant effect on Earnings per Share.
Earnings per Share, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Profit Margin.
THE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE AND INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ON INTEREST IN A CAREER AS A PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT WITH FINANCIAL REWARDS AS A MODERATOR
This study aims to examine, demonstrate, and analyze the effect of accounting knowledge and internship experience on the intention of accounting students at Universitas Brawijaya to become public accountants, with financial rewards as a moderator. This study uses primary data in the form of a questionnaire and involves a sample of 100 respondents selected using Lemeshow's formula and analyzed by multiple linear regression and moderate regression processed by SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that accounting knowledge and internship experience affect accounting students' intention to become public accountants. Furthermore, financial rewards strengthen the effect of accounting knowledge on the intention to become public accountants. However, financial rewards do not moderate the effect of internship experience on the intention to become public accountants.
accounting knowledge; internship experience; career intention; public accounting.
This research aims to examine McDonald's reactive actions through its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as associated with the Middle East conflict phenomenon through the perspective of Legitimacy Theory. As such, McDonald's often receives criticism from the public for its reputation as a western food brand. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach with a netnography method, and involves data collected through lurking. The results of this research exhibit that the actions taken by McDonald's strive to maintain the legitimacy of its image among the global community by (1) issuing a statement that its operations are not affected by the Middle East conflict and run locally, (2) providing humanitarian assistance to affected conflict victims, and (3) issuing statements condemning all forms of genocide. Globally, McDonald's does not appear to support Israel in the Middle East conflict, but there are inconsistencies as it (1) provides food to Israel, (2) buys back shares of Israeli McDonald's franchises, and (3) has global shareholders owned by companies that are also shareholders of Israeli defense equipment suppliers.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Legitimacy Theory, McDonald's.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FIVE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ASEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SCORECARD AT PT SEMEN INDONESIA IN 2022
This research aims to analyze the implementation of the five basic principles of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard on PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk-a public company of the materials construction sector-awarded for the Significantly Developing Domestic PLCs category. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing document content analysis with examination data, data classification and final assessment calculations with 146 assessment components based on the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard standards. There are three rating outcomes in the Level 1 assessment of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard, consisting of fairly trusted, trusted, and highly trusted. The results of the level 1 assessment research for PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in 2022 result in a score of 87.4 (highly trusted). The result of this research is an assessment of the five basic principles of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard which include shareholder rights, fair attitudes towards shareholders, the role of stakeholders, disclosure and transparency and board responsibility. The assessment component with the highest number of fulfilled criteria from these five principles was achieved by the criteria for shareholders' rights, while the criteria with the fewest fulfilled assessments were found in the board responsibility criteria.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE ON FIRM VALUE MODERATED BY PROFITABILITY
This study aims to empirically examine the effect of green accounting proxied by environmental costs, and environmental disclosure proxied by total environmental disclosures that have been made on firm value moderated by profitability proxied by return on assets. This research is a quantitative study, with the population used, namely energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. The research sample in accordance with the research criteria is 17 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. This study uses multiple regression analysis methods and Moderating Regression Analysis to test moderating variables. The results of this study indicate that green accounting has a positive effect on firm value, but profitability cannot strengthen the relationship between green accounting and firm value. While environmental disclosure cannot affect firm value, but profitability can strengthen the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm value.
THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, LEVERAGE AND COMPANY GROWTH ON AUDITOR SWITCHING IN CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE BEI 2019-2022
Auditor switching in companies is required to maintain auditor independence and prevent from any emotional relationship between Public Accounting Firm and clients. As such, many Indonesian companies conduct voluntary auditor switching, including those in the consumer goods industry sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of public ownership, leverage, and company growth on the auditor switching of consumer goods companies. The population includes 271 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period, from which the samples of 44 companies were selected through purposive sampling. Secondary data derived from the companies' annual reports published on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange are collected through literature and documentation, and are analyzed quantitatively utilizing descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression. The results of the study suggest that public ownership and leverage do not affect auditor switching, but company growth affects auditor switching. This study recommends that companies make careful considerations before deciding to switch auditors to achieve quality and reliable audit results.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE
The regulations requiring financial institutions, issuers, and public companies to disclose their sustainability reports have encouraged the development of sustainability report in Indonesia. As such, the development should be supported by other factors besides institutional factors. This study aims to examine and obtain the empirical evidence of the effect of organizational culture, capital structure, and corporate governance on sustainability report disclosure. The population in this study includes companies listed on the ESGL index on the IDX in 2020-2022, from which 59 samples are selected through purposive sampling. This study involves secondary data of the companies’ annual reports and sustainability reports. The results of the hypothesis testing by multiple linear regression processed by SPSS software exhibit that, simultaneously, organizational culture, capital structure, and corporate governance significantly affect the sustainability report disclosure; and partially, organizational culture and corporate governance have a positively affect sustainability reporting disclosure while capital structure negatively affects sustainability report disclosure.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, PROFITABILITY, FIRM SIZE, AND AUDIT QUALITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
This study aims to examine the effects of financial derivatives, profitability, firm size, and audit quality on tax avoidance, as measured by Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The focus of this research lies on the mining sector, using an empirical approach. The population taken is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2022 period. The required data comes from the financial statements and annual reports of these companies. The research sample was selected through purposive sampling technique, resulting in 30 companies as samples. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results showed that the use of financial derivatives had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, profitability, firm size, and audit quality have a significant effect on tax avoidance. These findings are expected to contribute to adding to the literature related to accounting and tax, especially regarding tax avoidance.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL CSR AND THE APPLICATION OF PSAK 24 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION
This study aims to examine the effect of internal CSR and the application of PSAK 24 about Employee Benefits on employees' job satisfaction, utilizing quantitative descriptive analysis. The population includes full-time employees of companies throughout Indonesia, from which 200 samples were selected through the purposive sampling of non-probability sampling. This study involves primary data collected through questionnaires, and analyzed by SEM-PLS processed by SmartPLS software version 4.1.0.0. The results indicate that internal CSR and the application of PSAK 24 about employee benefits have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that the realization of a good internal CSR program and the application of PSAK 24 about employee benefits encourage higher employee satisfaction. The research findings can be of benefit to provide evaluation material for company management or the internal CSR programs of organizations to improve their employee satisfaction under PSAK 24 about Employee Benefits.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD, AUDITOR EXPERIENCE, AND AUDIT FEES ON AUDIT QUALITY (A STUDY OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS IN DKI JAKARTA)
Financial statement fraud by company management triggers more skepticism toward financial statements, making audit become crucial in today’s industry. One of the biggest fraud cases was the involvement of Arthur Andersen Public Accounting Firm in the Enron financial scandal. In Indonesia, the case of PT Garuda Indonesia involved one of the members of a well-known public accounting firm, BDO International. Audit quality serves as an important foundation in building market capital trust, driving the economy, fulfilling societal needs, and contributing to the creation of a better job market (EY Global, 2019). As such, this study aims to determine the effect of workload, auditor experience, and audit fee on audit quality. The population includes auditors from public accounting firms in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, from which the samples are selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a survey utilizing questionnaires distributed to respondents in partner positions (filling out the questionnaire for the audit fee and audit quality variables) and managers or above (filling out the questionnaires for workload, auditor experience, and audit quality variables). The study was conducted at 10 public accounting firms in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, in which 10 questionnaires were distributed to respective firms. The results of the study show that workload has no effect on audit quality, auditor experience has a positive effect on audit quality, workload and auditor experience simultaneously affect audit quality, and audit fees partially have a positive effect on audit quality.
Workload, auditor experience, audit fee, audit quality.