International Journal of Research on Finance & Business
International Journal of Research on Finance & Business (IJRFB) is an academic as well as peer-reviewed journal published two times a year by Sembilan Media Publisher with ISSN number 3046-4609 (Online) and 3032-7806 (Print). IJRFB is projected to be accredited by national and international index as soon as possible. IJRFB encompasses all aspects of finance and business topics including Finance, Business, Economics Studies, Management, Accounting, Entrepreneurship, Social Science, etc. The objective of IJRFB is to depict the comprehensive understanding of Finance & Business studies to the next level of knowledge. IJRFB aspire researchers to produce empirical and theoretical research articles, aspiring contemplative academic and professional development.
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, FIRM SIZE, AND LEVERAGE ON AUDIT REPORT LAG IN PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
This study aims to empirically test the effect of corporate governance, company size, and leverage on audit report lag. Using a population of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2021-2023 period, 135 samples were acquired via purposive sampling technique, consisting of secondary data in the form of financial reports. The results of the multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 25 show that the board of commissioners and institutional ownership have a negative effect on audit report lag, while leverage has a positive effect on audit report lag, and company size has no effect on audit report lag.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Research on Finance & Business
DETERMINANTS OF AUDIT QUALITY: A STUDY OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR FOR THE PERIOD 2021-2023
This study aims to analyze the effect of audit fees, auditor specialization, audit tenure, and company size on audit quality. The Audit Fee variables are proxied by the Natural Logarithm of professional fees, the Auditor Specialization proxied by auditor control over market share with a limit of 15%, the Audit Tenure proxied by how long an AP carries out duties with its clients, the Company Size proxied by the Natural Logarithm of the company's total assets, and the Audit Quality proxied by Going Concern Opinions (score 1) and Non-Going Concern Opinions (Score 0). This study uses a quantitative method using secondary data in the form of financial reports from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population used in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the infrastructure sector for the period 2021 - 2023. The sample used in this study was obtained using purposive sampling technique which resulted in 84 data free from outlier data. The analysis method used in this research is logistic regression analysis with SPSS 26 software. The results of this study indicate that audit fees and company size have a significant positive effect on audit quality. Auditor specialization and audit tenure have no effect on audit quality.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON PROFITABILITY IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE SUBSECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX FOR THE PERIOD 2017-2023
This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage on profitability in food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2023. This research employs a quantitative approach using documentation methods. The research objects are secondary data in the form of financial reports from food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2023 period. The independent variables in this study include DAR, Debt to EBITDA, DER, and ICR, while the dependent variable is Return on Equity (ROE). The samples were selected purposively, comprising 22 companies. Panel data regression analysis was conducted. The results indicate that Debt to EBITDA and DER have a significant influence on ROE, with negative and positive directions, respectively. Meanwhile, DAR and ICR do not show a significant effect on ROE in food and beverage companies in Indonesia. This research is expected to contribute to the profitability literature and assist investors in making investment decisions by considering internal company aspects such as DAR, Debt to EBITDA, DER, and ICR.
DETERMINANTS OF BRImo ACCEPTANCE AND USE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE MODELUNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY 2 (UTAUT2) MODEL
This study aims to examine the factors that influence behavioral intention and behavior of using BRImo using the perspective of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. The research sample was 300 BRI bank employees in Surabaya City. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). This study found that performance expectations, effort expectations, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and price value have a positive effect on behavioral intention to use BRImo and facilitating conditions, habits, and behavioral intentions have a positive impact on BRImo usage behavior. The behavioral intention of younger users (20-29 years old) is strengthened by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and price value while older users (30-39 years old) are strengthened by effort expectancy and social influence. Male users' behavioral intention is strengthened by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habits while females are strengthened by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and price value. The behavioral intention of 2-year users is strengthened by facilitating conditions and habits; 3-year users are strengthened by effort expectations; and 4-year users are strengthened by effort expectations and facilitating conditions. In addition, the usage behavior of 1 and 2-year users is strengthened by behavioral intentions. The behavioral intention of users with education level diploma IV is strengthened by performance expectancy; bachelor’s degree is strengthened by effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and price value; and master’s degree is strengthened by effort expectancy and social influence.
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2)
THE EFFECT OF AUDIT TENURE, COMPANY SIZE, FINANCIAL DISTRESS, AND AUDIT OPINION ON AUDIT REPORT LAG
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of audit tenure, company size, financial distress, and audit opinion on audit report lag. The population of this study includes property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method, so that a sample of 67 companies was obtained. The data collected and processed is a panel data model. Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear analysis. The test results show that audit tenure and audit opinion have a negative effect on audit report lag. On the other hand, company size and financial distress have no effect on audit report lag. This study implies that the length of the audit engagement will shorten the audit report lag, and affect auditor independence, so companies need to pay attention to audit rotation. In addition, auditors need to emphasize the efficiency of the audit process, especially in handling companies with high risk.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEVERAGE, TAX AVOIDANCE, PROFITABILITY, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON TRANSFER PRICING PRACTICES IN MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES
This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage, tax avodaince, profitability, and corporate governance on transfer pricing practices. The study focuses on multinational companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, using a purposive sampling method that resulted in 100 samples. In this research, the panel data regression model was applied using multiple linear regression analysis to obtain more accurate and relevant results. The findings reveal that only corporate governance has a negative impact on transfer pricing, while leverage, tax avoidance, and profitability do not show any significant influence. The implication of this study is the need to strengthen the implementation of corporate governance in multinational companies as an effort to minimize transfer pricing practices that harm the state in terms of tax revenue. Furthermore, these findings serve as an important consideration for regulators in formulating tax supervision and corporate governance policies.
DETERMINANTS OF AUDITOR SWITCHING IN COMPANIES LISTED ON THE JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX IN 2022-2023
The study aims to analyze the inluence of audit delay, KAP reputation, firm size, audit tenure, and audit committee on auditor switching. This utilizes a sample of 41 companies included in the Jakarta Islamic Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the years 2022-2023. The data collected and processes constitute a panel data model. The finding indicate that firm size positively affects on auditor switching, audit tenure negatively affects on auditor switching, audit delay does not influence auditor switching, KAP reputation does not influence auditor switching, and audit committee does not influence auditor switching. The implication of a study explain thats excessively prolonged audit tenure may undermine auditor independence and suggests that large corporations should exercise caution in the selection of new auditors. Moreover, auditors must prioritize audit quality, while regulators should establish a term for audit engagements and assess the efficacy of auditor rotation programs.
auditor switching, firm size, audit tenure
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, GREEN ACCOUNTING, ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2019-2022 PERIOD)
This study aims to analyze and test the effect of company size, company growth, profitability, and liquidity on the extent of CSR disclosure in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2021–2023. This study uses a purposive sampling technique in selecting samples, resulting in 183 observations. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis, with EViews 12 Student Version Lite as the tool for processing data. This study finds that company size, company growth, profitability, and liquidity simultaneously affect the extent of CSR disclosure. However, only company size has a partial effect on the extent of CSR disclosure.
Extent of Disclosure, Social Responsibility, Company Size, Company Growth, Profitability, Liquidity
DETERMINANTS OF REPORT DISCLOSURESUSTAINABILITY: A STUDY OF ESGL INDEX COMPANIES 2020-2023
This quantitative study aims to provide empirical evidence on the infulence of firm growth, firms size, independent board of commissioners composition, and public shareholding on sustainability report disclosure. The sample consisted of 27 companies listed on the ESGL Index of Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020-2023 period. Data were collected and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results show that firm growth, firm size, independent board of commissioners composition, and public shareholding each have a significant positive effect on sustainability report disclosure. These findings can serve as considerations for companies, investors, and regulators in promoting transparency and strengthening sustainability practices.
Sustainability Report, Firm Growth, Firm Size, Independent Board of Commissioners Composition, Public Shareholding
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING EARNINGS MANAGEMENT WITH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
This research aims to examine the influence of profitability, leverage, audit fee, and audit tenure on earnings management with the COVID-19 pandemic as a moderating variable. Earnings management was measured using the calculation of discretionary accruals by implementing the modified Jones model. The sample used in this research consisted of 64 pharmaceutical and healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022. The companies were selected through a purposive sampling method and tested using Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25. The results of this research indicated that audit fee has a positive effect on earnings management, audit tenure has a negative effect on earnings management, while profitability and leverage have no effect on earnings management. Furthermore, this research finds that the COVID-19 pandemic moderates profitability, audit fee, and audit tenure on earnings management, yet the COVID-19 pandemic does not moderate leverage on earnings management. The implication of this research suggest that company owners should consider these influencing factors to identify the presence of earnings management practices.
Profitability, leverage, audit fee, audit tenure, COVID-19 pandemic, earnings management.
EVALUATION OF CSR DISCLOSURE IN THE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT OF PT. BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH JAWA TIMUR (BANK JATIM) TBK. BASED ON GRI STANDARDS
Sustainability reports play a crucial role in disclosing a company's social and environmental responsibilities. PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur (Bank Jatim) Tbk. aims to ensure transparency in its reports by adhering to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2021 standards. However, the completeness and quality of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure still require improvements. This quantitative case study evaluates the quality of CSR disclosure in Bank Jatim’s 2022–2023 sustainability report. The data were collected through document analysis and processed using content analysis. The findings indicate that while public sector disclosures have been implemented effectively, the overall level of CSR disclosure remains limited. Disclosure improvements in the economic sector by 23.53% and the social sector by 4.86% were attributed to the addition of various indicators and the impacts of multiple socio-economic cases related to Bank Jatim. Further, the 0.8% decrease in the economic sector was caused by the lack of in-depth information and qualitative data. When compared to Bank Mandiri, BPD Jateng, and BPD Jabar & Banten, Bank Jatim’s CSR disclosure is still behind them. Therefore, improvements are necessary to enhance the comprehensiveness and alignment of Bank Jatim’s sustainability report with GRI standards.
sustainability report, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, East Java Regional Development Bank, banking.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX RATE REDUCTION, CAPITAL INTENSITY, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS
This research provides empirical evidence regarding the influence of corporate income tax rate reduction, capital intensity, corporate social responsibility, and leverage on tax aggressiveness. The population in this study is manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019 to 2023. Sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method with several predetermined criteria, resulting in 16 companies as samples, with a total sample of 72 samples. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the company's annual reports and sustainability reports. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression using E-Views 13 to test each hypothesis in this study. The results of this study indicate that the reduction in corporate income tax rates and capital intensity do not affect tax aggressiveness. Corporate social responsibility has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, leverage has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness.
corporate income tax rate reduction, capital intensity, corporate social responsibility, leverage, tax aggressiveness, and manufacturing sector.
OPTIMAL PRICING USING A GAME THEORY APPROACH
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting economic growth in developing countries, including Indonesia. However, MSMEs face various challenges, such as limited institutional capacity and human resources, slow technology adoption, and difficulties in marketing. This study focuses on the traditional food and beverage market in Mojokerto, where there is a significant profit gap between suppliers and retailers. This condition indicates inefficiencies and suboptimal profit distribution, highlighting the need for a pricing mechanism that can account for strategic changes among market participants. This research combines Monte Carlo simulation and Game Theory approaches. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to accommodate demand uncertainty and to simulate future system conditions, while Game Theory is used to analyze and optimize the strategies of each player in order to achieve an equilibrium point. The results identify two game schemes: non-cooperative and cooperative games. In the non-cooperative game, the optimal strategy for both players is the high strategy, yielding total profits of IDR 103,972,500 for the supplier and IDR 77,735,250 for the retailer. In the cooperative game, the optimal strategy consists of a high strategy for the supplier and a low strategy for the retailer, resulting in a total accumulated profit of IDR 189,354,000.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION: IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING IN SME’S
This study will explore the impact of job training on organizational commitment and turnover intention in employees, especially in the context of MSMEs in Indonesia. The focus of the research is on millennials who tend to move between jobs. The purpose of this study is to describe, identify the influence, and evaluate the relationship between job training, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This study used a correlational approach with a population of millennial employees in Malang City, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Likert Scale and path analysis. The results showed that there was a significant influence between Employee Training with Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research on Finance & Business
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE, COMPANY GROWTH, PROFITABILITY AND LEVERAGE ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE
This research aims to empirically test the influence of company size, company growth, profitability and leverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in pharmaceutical and manufacturing companies in the chemical sub-sector. The population in this research are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). in 2018-2022. The total population of this study was 23 companies. Sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method and 12 companies were obtained that met the criteria. Hypothesis testing research was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The research results show that partially company size has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, company growth has a positive but not significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, profitability has a significant positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, leverage positive but not significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure
IMPLEMENTATION OF PT. SMELTING'S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAM WITH THE CONCEPT OF TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
This research aims to examine the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of PT Smelting with the Triple Bottom Line concept. The object of this research is PT Smelting has received awards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and green PROPER from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Determination of informants was carried out using a purposive technique. Meanwhile, the data collection process was carried out by interviews. The analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Overall, the results of this research show that PT Smelting's current CSR programs are all based on the Triple Bottom Line concept, namely paying attention to Profit, Planet (Environment), and People (Society). PT Smelting CSR policies, programs and targets have been carried out well through the recommendation of a competent third party although the CSR program has not been implemented optimally due to the emergence of various problems such as a lack of personnel in the CSR division itself and a lack of understanding of the meaning of CSR itself, either from the community or local government. PT Smelting has solved the problems well, such as coordinating and socializing the CSR program with the local community and developing an organizational structure and adding CSR implementing personnel to maximize performance.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, AND COMPANY SIZE ON AUDIT REPORT LAG
The objective of this research is to identify whether profitability, leverage, and firm size influence audit report lag. The data of this quantitative study was harvested from documents obtained from consumer goods manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. The results of the analysis indicate that profitability and leverage negatively affect audit quality and that firm size does not influence the audit report lag. Keywords: audit report lag, profitability, leverage, company size.
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, SOLVENCY, LIQUIDITY, AND COMPANY SIZE ON STOCK RETURNS OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This research aims to determine the effect of profitability, solvency, liquidity and firm size on stock returns of energy sector companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses quantitative methods involving secondary data from the financial reports of the energy company sector which is analyzed through sample panel data regression with research on 44 energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020 - 2022. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis and using EViews 12 software. This research finds that profitability and liquidity have a positive effect on stock returns. Companies need to maximize their financial performance through publishing information on the company's profitability and liquidity ratios to attract investor interest. However, solvency and firm size had no effect on stock returns because information of solvency and firm size are not a factor for investors to buy company's stock.
THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONALISM AND INDEPENDENCE ON AUDIT QUALITY MODERATED BY COMPETENCE
In carrying out their duties, auditors are required to produce good audit quality. Good audit quality can be seen in the factors that influence it. This research was created with the aim of finding out whether professionalism and independence influence audit quality and whether competence moderates professionalism and independence on audit quality. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection methods in the form of questionnaires. The population in this research is a Public Accounting Firm in South Jakarta with a sample size of 75 auditors. The results of this research state that professionalism influences audit quality while independence has no influence and competence can moderate professionalism and independence.
THE INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENCE, TIME BUDGET PRESSURE, AUDITOR WORK EXPERIENCE, AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON AUDIT QUALITY
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of independence, time budget pressure, auditor work experience, and task complexity on audit quality. The population in this study are auditors working in the Big 10 KAPs in Indonesia. Sample selection was determined using the convenience sampling technique with a minimum sample size of 190 samples. The data used in this research is primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires using the Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) 4 application to analyze the data. The results of this study show that the higher the independence, work experience of the auditor, and the complexity of the tasks will improve the quality of the audits produced. However, the higher the time budget pressure, the lower the quality of the audits produced.
Independence, Time Budget Pressure, Auditor Work Experience, Task Complexity, Audit Quality, Agency Theory, Attribution Theory.
This study aims to examine the effect of environmental costs, green accounting, environmental responsibility disclosure, and capital structure on the financial performance measured by the proxy of Return on Equity (ROE). The samples include 68 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2022 selected through purposive sampling technique and analyzed by descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results exhibit that environmental costs and green accounting have a negative but insignificant effect on financial performance which may be caused by other factors. In contrast, environmental responsibility disclosure has a positive significant effect, and capital structure is found to have a negative significant effect on financial performance. This study does not fully support legitimacy and stakeholder theories for several reasons. Companies need to increase attention to environmental issues through proper implementation of green accounting and maintain the proportion of their capital structure to gain positive sentiment from the public.
Legitimacy, Environment, Stakeholders, Capital Structure, and ROE.
COMPARISON OF MODEL ACCURACY LEVELS BETWEEN ALTMAN Z SCORE AND ZMIJEWSKI IN PREDICTING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN COMPANIES WITH SPECIAL NOTATION IN INDONESIA
The phenomenon of financial distress in public companies is an important concern for investors and stakeholders. The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) applies a special notation as an indicator for companies experiencing financial problems. To predict financial distress, there are several commonly used models, including Altman Z-Score and Zmijewski X-Score. This study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in the value of the prediction results of the Altman and Zmijewski models and to determine which Altman or Zmijewski model is more accurate in predicting financial distress in companies with special notations in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with a comparative method. The research sample consists of 48 companies with a total of 144 observations. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistical test, Mann-Whitney difference test, and prediction model accuracy test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the predicted values of the two models. The research results show that the Altman model has a higher accuracy rate of 73.61% than the Zmijewski model which only has an accuracy of 68.75%. This finding supports the signaling theory that financial performance can continue to get worse and worse and can indicate that the company gets a special notation, thus influencing investor decisions and can lead to bankruptcy. Thus, the Altman model is more recommended for investors in evaluating the risk of corporate financial distress.
Altman Z-Score, Financial Distress, Model Accuracy, Notation, Zmijewski X-Score.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BPK AUDIT RESULTS ON GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Transfer revenues dominate the revenue budget in 38 regencies / cities in East Java Province . In 2021, the degree of fiscal autonomy of regencies / cities in East Java on average only reached 19.21%, indicating low local government independence . This study aims to analyze the effect of local government financial characteristics and BPK audit results on the financial performance of Regency/City local governments in East Java using quantitative descriptive methods . Local government financial characteristics utilize the proxies of the size of the local government , the regional prosperity , and the regional dependence ; and the results of the BPK audit utilizes the proxies of audit opinion and audit findings . This study applies agency theory and stewardship theory . The population includes 38 local governments in East Java in 2019-2021, from which the samples of 114 regencies / cities in East Java are selected through purposive sampling, and analyzed by the ordinal logistic regression processed by SPSS software . The results of this study exhibit that the regional prosperity , regional dependence , and audit findings affect financial performance while local government size and audit opinion​ do not affect the financial performance of regency / city governments in East Java.
Local Government Financial Performance; Audit Opinion ; Regional Prosperity ; Regional Dependencies ; Audit Findings ; Local Government Size .
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC AUDIT (E-AUDIT), AUDITOR COMPETENCY, AND EXPERIENCE ON AUDIT QUALITY AT THE BPK RI REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
This quantitative study aims to analyze the influence of Electronic Audit (e-Audit), auditor competence , and auditor experience on audit quality at the Representative Office of BPK RI in North Sumatra. The population of this study comprises all examiners at the Representative Office of BPK RI in North Sumatra. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 182 selected respondents . The results of the multiple linear regression show that e-Audit, auditor competence , and auditor experience partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on audit quality . Among the three variables , auditor experience exerts the greatest influence on audit quality , followed by auditor competence . Meanwhile , e-Audit has the smallest influence , suggesting that although e-Audit technology supports the audit process , audit quality still depends primarily on the auditor's competence and experience as the key factors in achieving a quality audit.
audit quality , e-Audit, competence , experience , SiAP -LK, BIDICS.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM IN IMPROVING GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE ASSOCIATION OF STATE-OWNED BANKS (HIMBARA)
This research aims to determine the implementation of the whistleblowing system (WBS) as a preventive and detection tool of fraud in the Association of State- Owned Banks (HIMBARA) for the improvement of good corporate governance (GCG). This research applies a qualitative approach with content analysis involving secondary data of the Company Annual Report . The results of the research exhibit that the implementation of the whistleblowing system in HIMBARA has been effective fulfilled the components of anonymity , independence , accessibility , and follow-up . However , the whistleblowing system of HIMBARA is unable to prevent most fraud prevalence despite its being effective in increasing an open culture as seen from the increasing number of whistleblowing system reports . The principle of good corporate governance is properly implemented in the whistleblowing system of HIMBARA. Optimization of an effective whistleblowing system based on good corporate governance is expected to contribute to the development of whistleblowing system policies for better corporate governance in the Indonesian banking sector .
whistleblowing system , good corporate governance , fraud , HIMBARA, banking .
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FIVE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ASEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SCORECARD AT PT SEMEN INDONESIA IN 2022
This research aims to analyze the implementation of the five basic principles of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard on PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk-a public company of the materials construction sector-awarded for the Significantly Developing Domestic PLCs category. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing document content analysis with examination data, data classification and final assessment calculations with 146 assessment components based on the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard standards. There are three rating outcomes in the Level 1 assessment of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard, consisting of fairly trusted, trusted, and highly trusted. The results of the level 1 assessment research for PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in 2022 result in a score of 87.4 (highly trusted). The result of this research is an assessment of the five basic principles of the ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard which include shareholder rights, fair attitudes towards shareholders, the role of stakeholders, disclosure and transparency and board responsibility. The assessment component with the highest number of fulfilled criteria from these five principles was achieved by the criteria for shareholders' rights, while the criteria with the fewest fulfilled assessments were found in the board responsibility criteria.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE ON FIRM VALUE MODERATED BY PROFITABILITY
This study aims to empirically examine the effect of green accounting proxied by environmental costs, and environmental disclosure proxied by total environmental disclosures that have been made on firm value moderated by profitability proxied by return on assets. This research is a quantitative study, with the population used, namely energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. The research sample in accordance with the research criteria is 17 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. This study uses multiple regression analysis methods and Moderating Regression Analysis to test moderating variables. The results of this study indicate that green accounting has a positive effect on firm value, but profitability cannot strengthen the relationship between green accounting and firm value. While environmental disclosure cannot affect firm value, but profitability can strengthen the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm value.
THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, LEVERAGE AND COMPANY GROWTH ON AUDITOR SWITCHING IN CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE BEI 2019-2022
Auditor switching in companies is required to maintain auditor independence and prevent from any emotional relationship between Public Accounting Firm and clients. As such, many Indonesian companies conduct voluntary auditor switching, including those in the consumer goods industry sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of public ownership, leverage, and company growth on the auditor switching of consumer goods companies. The population includes 271 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period, from which the samples of 44 companies were selected through purposive sampling. Secondary data derived from the companies' annual reports published on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange are collected through literature and documentation, and are analyzed quantitatively utilizing descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression. The results of the study suggest that public ownership and leverage do not affect auditor switching, but company growth affects auditor switching. This study recommends that companies make careful considerations before deciding to switch auditors to achieve quality and reliable audit results.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE
The regulations requiring financial institutions, issuers, and public companies to disclose their sustainability reports have encouraged the development of sustainability report in Indonesia. As such, the development should be supported by other factors besides institutional factors. This study aims to examine and obtain the empirical evidence of the effect of organizational culture, capital structure, and corporate governance on sustainability report disclosure. The population in this study includes companies listed on the ESGL index on the IDX in 2020-2022, from which 59 samples are selected through purposive sampling. This study involves secondary data of the companies’ annual reports and sustainability reports. The results of the hypothesis testing by multiple linear regression processed by SPSS software exhibit that, simultaneously, organizational culture, capital structure, and corporate governance significantly affect the sustainability report disclosure; and partially, organizational culture and corporate governance have a positively affect sustainability reporting disclosure while capital structure negatively affects sustainability report disclosure.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, PROFITABILITY, FIRM SIZE, AND AUDIT QUALITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
This study aims to examine the effects of financial derivatives, profitability, firm size, and audit quality on tax avoidance, as measured by Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The focus of this research lies on the mining sector, using an empirical approach. The population taken is mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2022 period. The required data comes from the financial statements and annual reports of these companies. The research sample was selected through purposive sampling technique, resulting in 30 companies as samples. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results showed that the use of financial derivatives had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, profitability, firm size, and audit quality have a significant effect on tax avoidance. These findings are expected to contribute to adding to the literature related to accounting and tax, especially regarding tax avoidance.